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Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (''PAWS''), or the terms post-withdrawal syndrome, protracted withdrawal syndrome, prolonged withdrawal syndromes describe a set of persistent impairments that occur after withdrawal from alcohol, opiates, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and other substances. Infants born to mothers who used substances of dependence during pregnancy may also experience a post acute withdrawal syndrome. While post-acute withdrawal syndrome has been reported by those in the recovery community, there have been few scientific studies supporting its existence. Because of this, the disorder is not recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Symptoms & Treatments of Mental Disorders )〕 or major medical associations. Drug abuse, including alcohol and prescription drugs, can induce symptomatology which resembles mental illness. This can occur both in the intoxicated state and during the withdrawal state. In some cases these substance-induced psychiatric disorders can persist long after detoxification, such as prolonged psychosis or depression after amphetamine or cocaine abuse. A protracted withdrawal syndrome can also occur with symptoms persisting for months after cessation of use. Benzodiazepines are the most notable drug for inducing prolonged withdrawal effects with symptoms sometimes persisting for years after cessation of use. Severe anxiety and depression are commonly induced by sustained alcohol abuse which in most cases abates with prolonged abstinence. Even moderate alcohol sustained use may increase anxiety and depression levels in some individuals. In most cases these drug-induced psychiatric disorders fade away with prolonged abstinence. ==Signs and symptoms== Symptoms can sometimes come and go with wave-like reoccurrences or fluctuations in severity of symptoms. Common symptoms include impaired cognition, irritability, depressed mood, and anxiety; all of which may reach severe levels which can lead to relapse. The protracted withdrawal syndrome from benzodiazepines can produce symptoms identical to generalised anxiety disorder as well as panic disorder. Due to the sometimes prolonged nature and severity of benzodiazepine withdrawal, abrupt withdrawal is not advised. Common symptoms of post acute withdrawal syndrome are: * Psychosocial dysfunction * Anhedonia * Depression * Impaired interpersonal skills * Obsessive-compulsive behaviour * Feelings of guilt * Autonomic disturbances * Pessimistic thoughts * Impaired concentration * Lack of initiative * Craving * Inability to think clearly * Memory problems * Emotional overreactions or numbness * Sleep disturbances * Physical coordination problems * Stress sensitivity * Increased sensitivity to pain * Panic disorder〔 * Generalized anxiety disorder〔 * Sleep disturbance (dreams of using, behaviors associated with the life style) Symptoms occur intermittently, but are not always present. They are made worse by stress or other triggers and may arise at unexpected times and for no apparent reason. They may last for a short while or longer. Any of the following may trigger a temporary return or worsening of the symptoms of post acute withdrawal syndrome: * Stressful and/or frustrating situations * Multitasking * Feelings of anxiety, fearfulness or anger * Social Conflicts * Unrealistic expectations of oneself 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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